In which scenario will a policyholder receive nothing from their insurance claim?

When evaluating scenarios in which a policyholder might not receive any compensation from their insurance claim, all the listed options highlight valid circumstances that can lead to such an outcome.

In the case where the policy has expired, the insurance coverage is no longer valid. If a policyholder tries to file a claim after the policy’s expiration date, the insurer is not obligated to provide any payment since the contract is no longer in force.

If the insured amount is less than the actual loss, there may be policy conditions that limit the payout based on the sum insured. While some policies may offer a partial payout, others could lead to scenarios where the insurer denies the claim or only pays a fraction of the loss, which might ultimately leave the policyholder with little to no compensation for significant losses.

Additionally, if an insured item was not declared, this often violates the terms of the insurance contract. Insurance policies typically require full disclosure of all insured items. Failing to declare an item could lead to a denial of the claim, as the insurer might argue that the lack of declaration affects the risk assessment process.

Given these scenarios, it's clear that each condition can independently result in a situation where a policyholder would receive nothing from their claim. Therefore, combining all these circumstances,