Which of the following perils is covered under a standard fire policy?

A standard fire policy typically covers specific perils related to fire incidents, and lightning is one of those perils. Lightning strikes can lead to fires, causing damage to property. Since the main purpose of a fire policy is to protect against fire-related damages, the inclusion of lightning as a covered peril is aligned with this objective.

In contrast, explosions from industrial boilers fall outside the standard coverage of fire policies unless explicitly included through endorsements. Fire caused by an earthquake generally isn't covered as it's considered a natural disaster rather than a fire peril. Similarly, spontaneous fermentation is a specific event that can lead to fire but is often not included under standard fire coverage without additional clauses or extensions. Therefore, lightning is unequivocally a peril recognized and protected against in a standard fire insurance policy.